Fertility Tests for Men
Male Fertility Testing: Key Methods to Assess Your Reproductive Health
The male factor is involved in a significant percentage of infertility cases in couples. For this reason, FIV Valencia provides all necessary tests to assess male fertility. Our Individualised Diagnostic Study (EDI) includes the essential evaluations for both partners, allowing us to offer a comprehensive analysis of their fertility and plan the most appropriate personalised Assisted Reproduction treatment.
In addition to basic male fertility tests, your specialist may recommend more specific studies if necessary. Our clinic has a dedicated unit specialising in male infertility to guide you and to carry out all required examinations.
What Are the Most Common Causes of Male Infertility?
The most common causes of male infertility include:
Male infertility can stem from various factors affecting the production, function, or transport of sperm. Analysing these factors is crucial for a diagnosis that helps select the most suitable treatment for you.
- Low sperm production: A reduced sperm count, known as oligospermia, can make conception challenging. Azoospermia refers to cases where no sperm are present in the ejaculate.
- Abnormal sperm function: Even with sufficient sperm production, abnormalities in shape (morphology) or poor movement (motility) can hinder successful fertilisation.
- Obstructions in sperm transport: Physical blockages in the ducts transporting sperm, such as obstructions in the vas deferens, can prevent sperm from reaching the semen.
- Diseases, injuries, or chronic health conditions: Conditions like infections, testicular injuries, or chronic illnesses (e.g., diabetes) can negatively impact sperm production or function.
- Environmental and lifestyle factors: Exposure to toxins (e.g., chemicals or heavy metals), tobacco, excessive alcohol, recreational drugs (including marijuana and steroids), or prolonged heat exposure can lower male fertility.
- Immune system issues: Sometimes, the immune system produces antibodies that mistakenly attack and damage sperm, reducing fertility.
- Hormonal or pituitary gland issues: Hormonal imbalances, including testosterone or hormones regulated by the pituitary gland, may affect sperm production.
- Genetic conditions: Genetic disorders like cystic fibrosis or haemochromatosis can influence sperm production or transport.
- Chromosomal abnormalities: Alterations in the male karyotype (chromosome set) may cause abnormalities in semen analysis.
- Chromosomal abnormalities in sperm: High rates of chromosomal alterations in sperm, including abnormalities in the Y chromosome, may result in increased embryonic abnormalities and infertility.
- DNA fragmentation in sperm: Breaks in the genetic material of sperm (single or double-strand breaks) are linked to reduced pregnancy rates and higher miscarriage rates.
Step-by-Step Male Diagnosis
During your first visit, we will review all health factors potentially affecting your fertility, including hereditary conditions, chronic health problems, diseases, injuries, and prior surgeries. Lifestyle factors influencing reproductive health will also be considered.
We will analyse a semen sample in our laboratory to assess semen volume, sperm count, and any abnormalities in sperm morphology and motility. Signs of infections or other potential issues will also be evaluated. The sample is collected through masturbation at the clinic, and we recommend abstinence from ejaculation for 3-5 days beforehand to ensure accurate results. Our team can answer any questions about the collection process.
As sperm counts can vary between samples, multiple semen analyses may be required over time for more precise results.
Blood tests will be conducted to evaluate hormone levels and to rule out underlying issues. These tests provide essential information about your overall reproductive health and help determine the next steps in your treatment plan.
A scrotal ultrasound uses sound waves to produce detailed images of the testicles and surrounding tissues. This method identifies potential problems in the testicles, epididymis (tubes adjacent to the testicles that collect sperm), and scrotum, helping to uncover underlying causes affecting fertility.
In some cases, a small, lubricated ultrasound probe is gently inserted into the rectum to examine the prostate and check for obstructions in the ducts transporting semen. This test is conducted when deemed necessary by the specialist.
The presence of sperm in urine may indicate a condition called retrograde ejaculation, where sperm travel into the bladder instead of being expelled through the penis during ejaculation. A post-ejaculation urinalysis can detect this issue.
If semen analysis reveals very low or no sperm count, our specialised urology team can perform a testicular biopsy. This involves extracting a small sample of tissue from the testicle for microscopic examination to detect sperm. If viable sperm are found, they can be used for In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF).
Specialised tests may assess how sperm survive post-ejaculation, their ability to penetrate an egg, and any difficulties adhering to the egg. These tests are rarely performed but are available if needed.
Extremely low sperm counts may have a genetic cause. A simple blood test can identify karyotype abnormalities, subtle Y chromosome changes, or other genetic anomalies affecting fertility. Genetic tests are also recommended to diagnose congenital or hereditary diseases that may contribute to fertility problems.
Costs of Fertility Tests for Men
The cost of male fertility tests varies depending on the specific evaluations recommended by your doctor. Basic male fertility tests are included in our Individualised Diagnostic Study (EDI).
Advanced tests, such as genetic analyses or testicular biopsies,may incur additional costs.
For detailed information, please consult our Price List.
Male Fertility Tests
FAQs
Do I need to undergo all male fertility tests?
Not all male fertility tests are necessary for every individual. After your initial consultation and medical history review, your doctor will recommend the tests most relevant to your case.
What are the signs of low sperm count?
Signs of low sperm count are not always obvious. Difficulty achieving pregnancy after one year of trying may indicate a problem. Other signs include reduced libido, erectile dysfunction, or decreased semen volume during ejaculation. A semen analysis is the best way to confirm sperm count issues.
Can I take fertility tests without starting Assisted Reproduction treatment immediately?
Yes, you can undergo fertility tests even if you’re not ready to begin treatment. Many people choose to take these tests to gain insights into their reproductive health and to plan for the future.
Are male fertility tests painful?
Most male fertility tests are not painful. Blood tests and semen analysis are straightforward and cause minimal discomfort. Procedures like testicular biopsy may involve mild discomfort but are conducted under anaesthesia to ensure comfort.
How long will it take to get my fertility test results?
The time frame depends on the type of test. Semen analysis results are often available during the first EDI visit, while more complex tests, such as genetic analyses, may take longer. Your doctor will provide a more precise timeline based on the tests performed.
How can I determine the cost of each fertility test?
To determine the cost of each test, consult our price list or contact our team directly. We will provide a breakdown of costs tailored to your recommended tests, ensuring all your questions are answered.